Imishini elawulwa ngezinombolo (CNC) iyinqubo yokukhiqiza izimboni eziningi eziyifake ezinqubweni zazo zokukhiqiza.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ye-CNC kungakhuphula ukukhiqizwa.Iphinde ivumele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kunemishini esebenza mathupha.
Ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-CNC kuyaphambana, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungena esikhundleni, imikhawulo yomshini wezandla, odinga u-opharetha wendawo ukuthi atshele futhi aqondise imiyalo yethuluzi lomshini ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi, izinkinobho, namasondo ezandla.Kumuntu obukele, isistimu ye-CNC ingase ifane nesethi evamile yezingxenye zekhompyutha.
Ngabe imishini ye-CNC isebenza kanjani?
Uma uhlelo lwe-CNC lucushiwe, ubukhulu bomshini obudingekayo buhlelwa kusofthiwe futhi bunikezwe amathuluzi ahambisanayo nemishini, eyenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yobukhulu, njengamarobhothi.
Kuhlelo lwe-CNC, abakhi bekhodi kumasistimu edijithali bavame ukucabanga ukuthi umshini awunasici, nakuba kungenzeka iphutha, okungenzeka kakhulu lapho umshini we-CNC uyalwa ukuthi usike ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ukubekwa kwamathuluzi ku-CNC kuvezwa uchungechunge lwezinto ezifakiwe ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo eziyingxenye.
Usebenzisa umshini we-CNC, faka uhlelo ngamakhadi e-punch.Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC zifakwa kukhompuyutha kusetshenziswa ikhiphedi.Uhlelo lwe-CNC luhlala lusenkumbulweni yekhompyutha.Ikhodi ngokwayo ibhaliwe futhi ihlelwe ngabahleli bohlelo.Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ze-CNC zinikeza ububanzi obubanzi bamakhono wekhompiyutha.Okubaluleke kakhulu, amasistimu e-CNC awamile neze, njengoba imiyalo ebuyekeziwe ingangezwa ezinhlelweni ezikhona kakade ngokushintsha ikhodi.
Uhlelo lomshini we-CNC
Ekwenziweni kwe-CNC, imishini isetshenziswa ngokulawulwa kwezinombolo, lapho uhlelo lwesofthiwe lucaciswa khona ukulawula izinto.Ulimi olungemuva komshini we-CNC, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-G-code, lusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene komshini ohambisanayo, njengesivinini, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokuxhumana.
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-CNC machining pre-programs isivinini kanye nesimo semisebenzi yomshini futhi iqhuba ngesofthiwe ngemijikelezo ephindaphindayo, ebikezelwayo ngokungenelela okuncane noma okungekho komuntu.Ngesikhathi semishini ye-CNC, imidwebo ye-2D noma ye-3D CAD iyacatshangelwa bese iguqulwa ibe ikhodi yekhompyutha ukuze isetshenziswe uhlelo lwe-CNC.Ngemva kokufaka uhlelo, u-opharetha uyaluhlola ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi awekho amaphutha ekubhaleni ikhodi.
Ngenxa yalawa makhono, inqubo yamukelwe kuwo wonke amagumbi emboni yokukhiqiza, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-CNC kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi namapulasitiki.Funda kabanzi mayelana nohlobo lwesistimu yokwenza imishini esetshenziswayo nokuthi ukuhlelwa komshini we-CNC kungenza kanjani ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-CNC ngezansi:
Amasistimu we-Loop Machining avuliwe/avaliwe
Ekwenziweni kwe-CNC, ukulawulwa kwendawo kunqunywa uhlelo oluvulekile lweluphu noma oluvaliwe.Kokuqala, isiginali igijima ngendlela eyodwa phakathi kwe-CNC kanye nenjini.Kusistimu ye-loop evaliwe, isilawuli siyakwazi ukuthola impendulo, okwenza ukulungiswa kwephutha kwenzeke.Ngakho-ke, isistimu ye-loop evaliwe ingalungisa ukungahambi kahle kwejubane nokuma.
Emashini ye-CNC, ukunyakaza kuvame ukuqondiswa kuma-ax angu-X no-Y.Ngokulandelayo, ithuluzi limiswa futhi liqondiswe ama-stepper noma ama-servo motors aphindaphinda ukunyakaza okunembile okunqunywe yikhodi ye-G.Uma amandla kanye nesivinini kuncane, inqubo ingaqhutshwa ngokulawulwa kwe-loop evulekile.Kukho konke okunye, ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliwe yejubane, ukungaguquguquki, nokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kucutshungulwe ukukhiqiza, njengemikhiqizo yensimbi, kuyadingeka.
I-CNC machining izenzakalela ngokuphelele
Ezivumelwaneni zanamuhla ze-CNC, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ngesofthiwe ehlelwe ngaphambilini ngokuvamile kuyazenzakalela.Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-computer-aid design (CAD) ukuze usethe ubukhulu bengxenye ethile, bese usebenzisa isofthiwe yokukhiqiza ikhompyutha (i-CAM) ukuze uyiguqule ibe umkhiqizo wangempela oqediwe.
Noma iyiphi i-workpiece enikeziwe ingase idinge amathuluzi omshini ahlukahlukene, njengama-drill nabasiki.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo, imishini eminingi yanamuhla ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana ehlukene ibe iyunithi eyodwa.
Kungenjalo, iyunithi ingase ibe nemishini eminingi kanye nesethi yamarobhothi ahambisa izingxenye zisuka kolunye uhlelo ziye kolunye, kodwa yonke into ilawulwa uhlelo olufanayo.Kungakhathalekile ukusetha, umshini we-CNC uvumela ukumiswa kokukhiqizwa kwengxenye okunzima ngomshini wezandla.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-CNC
Imishini yokuqala ye-CNC isukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940, lapho izinjini zikagesi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamathuluzi akhona.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, lezi zindlela zengezelelwa yi-analog futhi ekugcineni amakhompyutha edijithali, okuholele ekukhuphukeni komshini we-CNC.
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC
Izigayo ze-CNC ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlanganisa izimpawu zezinombolo nezinombolo nezinombolo eziqondisa ucezu lokusebenza emabangeni ahlukene.Ukuhlelwa komshini wokugaya kungase kusekelwe kukhodi ye-G noma ulimi oluthile oluhlukile olwakhiwe ithimba elikhiqizayo.Imishini yokugaya eyisisekelo iqukethe isistimu ye-axis emithathu (X, Y, kanye no-Z), kodwa izigayo eziningi zinezimbazo ezintathu.
lathi
Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe be-CNC, i-lathe ingakwazi ukusika ngokunemba okuphezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu.Izintambo ze-CNC zisetshenziselwa ukukhanda okuyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukukufeza ezinguqulweni zomshini ezivamile.Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi yokulawula yemishini yokugaya ye-CNC nama-lathes iyafana.Njengemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, amalebula angaphinda asetshenziswe ngesilawuli se-g-code noma enye ikhodi ku-lathe.Nokho, iningi CNC lathes aqukethe izimbazo ezimbili - X kanye Z.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2022